Currency Trading Pip - What is it?

If you are getting into forex trading it is essential to understand the currency trading pip. This is how your profit, loss and costs are measured. Your broker account may translate pips into dollars or other currencies for you, but it may not. In any case you will want to know what it means for yourself.

A pip is a percentage in point which is a transferable unit of measure, much more useful for the purpose of comparison than a dollar profit figure. It is used in price quotes and as a measure of the change in currency prices.

The pip is the smallest measure of movement in the quoted price. Prices for most currencies are quoted to four decimal places, so one pip is 0.0001 units of the quote currency. (The exception is the Japanese yen which is much less valuable and is therefore quoted to 0.01 yen.) The quote currency is the second of the two currencies in a pair. So for example in the pair EUR/USD, the quote currency is the US dollar.

Some brokers are now beginning to quote to five decimal places and there is some argument among traders as to whether a pip then becomes 0.00001, or whether this would just be confusing, since it would mean that some brokers' pips were 10 times as big as others.

If you visit forex forums you will see traders all the time talking about their profitable trades in terms of pips. They will not tell you how many dollars they made, because that depends on their position size which another person would not necessarily replicate. Talking in terms of pips also means that they do not have to reveal the size of their account.

For example you may see a trader talking about making 200 pips profit on a trade in EUR/USD. They could be an amateur who traded a micro lot or a professional bank trader who traded tens of thousands of lots. Each would have made 200 pips, but the value of those pips would have been vastly different.

To know how much it would mean to you in terms of profit and loss, you simply multiply by 0.0001 and then by the lot size. The result will be the profit in the quote currency.

The quote currency for EUR/USD is the US dollar. So if the trader is dealing in standard lots of $100,000, one pip is 0.0001 x $100,000 i.e. $10 per lot. If he made 200 pips profit, that is $2,000 per lot. But if he uses mini lots of $10,000 it's a profit of $200, and on a $1,000 micro lot it's only $20 profit.

Still, if you assume 100 times leverage, he has only had to put up $10 for his $20, $100 for his $200 profit or $1,000 for his $2,000 profit. So it's a pretty good return and no wonder he is haunting the forums to boast about this trade!

Anyway, you can see how it is an advantage to be able to talk in terms of pips.

Also, of course, the currency itself could vary. The quote currency will not always be the dollar. If that example trade was in EUR/GBP then the 200 pip profit would be 20, 200 or 2,000 British pounds. If you wanted to know what that was in US dollars you would need to add another step into the calculation, multiplying by the current exchange rate.

This may sound confusing at first but when you start trading, even in a demo account, you will soon understand what a currency trading pip means in practice.